This article describes the decision points, processes, benefits, and challenges for establishing a collaborative research agenda, with an emphasis on agendas that are driven by practitioners’ interests and concerns. Three main challenges are inherent in this collaborative approach: responding to partners’ priorities, partners’ readiness for research, and the researchers’ content expertise. We explore these topics in the context of a Connecticut-based early childhood partnership, the Partnership for Early Education Research (PEER). Using examples from PEER’s work, we discuss strategies for addressing the above issues, and we examine the benefits of using a collaborative approach to establish an RPP’s research agenda. (author abstract)